Think of Global Warming - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 892 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Credibility: Throughout this speech I have used many credible resources to back my statements and claims up. Preview: First we will be looking at reasons for there to be mass extinctions. Next, we will talk about the reasoning for having limited food and water supplies. Lastly, we will discuss the causes of increased amounts of floods and droughts. Mass extinction will occur When people think of global warming, they just think about the temperatures rising, but it’s so much more than that. If the temperatures continue to change, there will be a mass extinction. Many animals rely on heat and warmer temperatures to stay alive, and some rely on colder temperatures. Jeffery Kulger, a writer for Times Magazine, stated that â€Å"From 1960 to 2017, the Alpine snow season shortened by 38 days—starting an average of 12 days later and ending 26 days earlier than normal.† This is an example of the snow loss in the Alps.   Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Think of Global Warming" essay for you Create order Another example would be from the artic. If the snow melts earlier, greenery will show which means animals and insects will be out earlier than they should be. This can cause animals and bird to arrive too late to feed. Which will then lead to starvation and then death. This can also affect people who live in the artic. Many typical hunting grounds will be vacant due to animals relocating to colder locations or from them dying off because of the heat. Some areas in the world will also be colder. With more atmospheric energy available, it can cause harsher storms to occur in different areas all over the world (Keating, p.1). These kinds of storms may occur in warmer regions, which will also affect the way humans and animals live there. Temperatures will rise/ fall which will lead to migration and irregular weather. 1. When the temperatures rise, winters will be shorter. The top five warmest years ever have all occurred within the past 8 years (Climate Central, p.1). This causes animals to migrate at different times. An examp le would be a colony of butterflies. Once it gets too cold for them to live here, they will move to a warmer region, which is usually Mexico. If the temperatures fluctuate, the butterflies may leave too early or too soon, and will end up dying off. This can also ruin the soil for plants. Thawing soils can release large quantities of heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere (Francis, p.1). This can then lead to the plant to shut down or die. Extreme cold may still occur, and it will only take a short amount of time for the cold to affect the plant. Plants may over heat due to the lack of water supply. Animals will die off due to not having food, which will cause humans to not have meat nor plants to eat, which will eventually cause us to die off if there is no solution. According to NASA and the EPA, if global warming continues unchecked, it will cause significant climate change, extreme weather events and other severe natural and societal impacts (Lallanila, p.1). Floods and droughts will cause limited food/water supply 1. Global warming will eventually cause the ocean levels to rise due to the melting ice and glaciers located in colder regions. If the water level rises, major flooding will occur in areas like New York, California, Florida, and as stated before Italy. By the end of the century, if we keep on emitting carbon dioxide most coastal cities will be flooded. (Francis, p.1). Once flooding occurs, many will lose their electricity and even their homes. This can also lead to people losing their animals and any food they could’ve been growing. 3. Other parts of the world that are used to the rain fall may now get droughts. Animals and plants may die off due to lack of water and shelter, and this will eventually have an effect on the humans living in that area. This can also cause more forest fires like the one that happened in California last year (Busby, p.1). Conclusion: Overall, global warming is a growing issue. If we do not bring awareness to global warming, we will face mass extinctions, limited food and water supplies, and an increase of floods and droughts. Anyone can help with this rising issue. Even doing small simple things around the house could be beneficial. Human activities that contribute to this issue need to be controlled and eventually stopped so we can protect the environment for the future. References Bradford, A. and Pappas, S. (2017). Effects of Global Warming. [online] Live Science. Available at: https://www.livescience.com/37057-global-warming-effects.html [Accessed 10 Oct. 2018]. Busby, J. (2018). Warming World. Foreign Affairs, 97(4), 49–55. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.indstate.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx direct=truedb=aphAN=131477896site=ehost-livescope=site Climatecentral.org. (2018). The 10 Hottest Global Years on Record. [online] Available at: https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/the-10-hottest-global-years-on-record [Accessed 11 Oct. 2018]. Francis, Jennifer A. MELTDOWN. Scientific American, vol. 318, no. 4, Apr. 2018, pp. 48-53. Keating, Christopher. †Global Warming.† Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science, 2013. Kluger, Jeffrey. The Big Melt: Climate Change in the Alps. Time, vol. 190, no. 24, 11 Dec. 2017. Lallanila, Marc. â€Å"What Is the Greenhouse Effect?† LiveScience, Purch, 7 Mar. 2018 www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html. Seo, S. N. (2015). Adaptation to Global Warming as an Optimal Transition Process to A Greenhouse World. Economic Affairs, 35(2), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12121

Role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn Essay - 1119 Words

Honors American Literature 13 December 2012 Role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn During the late 1800’s post civil war, the reconstruction era surfaced in the union. The reconstruction, a political program designed to reintegrate the defeated South into the Union as a slavery-free region, began to fail. The North imposed harsh measures, which only embittered the South. Concerned about maintaining power, many Southern politicians began an effort to control and oppress the black men and women whom the war had freed. At around this time, Mark Twain released his novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in which a young boy named Huckleberry Finn attempts to flee the South with an escaped slave, Jim. The novel follows the pair on their journey†¦show more content†¦This could be connected to the point where Jim tosses a rag over Pap’s dead body. This rag that Jim places on Pap’s face is a symbol for the exchange of fatherhood over Huck. Jim believed that Huck could be a chance to redeem himself. By covering u p the old father and being the only grown man at the moment of transition, Jim shifts into a state of fatherhood. Jim first displays his fatherly archetype when Jim and Huck come upon the tilted house with the body inside. Twain writes, â€Å"It’s a dead man. Yes, indeedy; naked too. He’s been shot in de back. I reck’n he’s been dead two or three days. Come in, Huck, but doan look at his face - it’s too gashly† (Twain 56). After Jim discovers the dead body, Jim allows Huck to come into the house, but he warns Huck to not look at the body. Huck states that he doesn’t need any warning because he is already disturbed at the dead man, but the next day, Huck wants to talk about the man’s mysterious death. This is unusual for Huck to be so interested in, as he stated earlier that he â€Å"[doesn’t] take no stock in dead people† (Twain 2). At this point, Twain uses Huck’s intuition in the unusual death to point o ut the large significance in it, which Jim also picks up on. When Jim sees paps â€Å"gashly† face, he discerns the fact that there is an open patriarchal position for Huck. Since then, Jim tries to ease into the transition to fatherhood. He does so byShow MoreRelatedPower Roles between Jim and Huck in Mark Twain ´s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn838 Words   |  4 PagesWith Huck and Jim unknowingly fighting to retain power aboard the raft, their friendship becomes stronger even with society’s various attempts to split the two apart. Throughout the book, Huck and Jim switch power roles during their time on the raft. Life on the raft is portrayed as a democracy, but in reality, it is a dictatorship with the in power controlling and influencing all decisions made on the raft. One noticeable occurrence of Jim possessing the power is after Huck and Jim’s separationRead MoreHuckleberry Finn - Thesis1521 Words   |  7 Pages December 2008 Do you think you have role models in your life? Someone you can look up to and say â€Å"I Want to be like him†. If yes, first of all you have to ask yourself what is a role model? A role Model is a person who serves as a model in a particular behavioral or social role for another Person to emulate. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Twain shows us two Sides of the coin by putting good role models for huck such as: Judge Thatcher, Widow DouglasRead MoreEssay Symbolism: the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1207 Words   |  5 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, uses various concrete objects, such as rivers, to symbolize a diverse range of feelings, emotions, and even actions. The ultimate symbol in the novel is the Mississippi River. Rivers often times symbolize life itself, they are the flux of the world in manifestation, the macrocosm (Cooper, 139) (Protas, Allison). River symbolism is based around water in movement (Fraim, John). On the riverÂ…Huck and Jim witnessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1679 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of an Important Character Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a story about growing up, facing the world, and fighting for what’s right. Huckleberry Finn matures greatly throughout the book, and Tom Sawyer plays an important role in showing this change. His character allows the reader to see Huck’s increase in maturity throughout the story. Tom is the constant, his immaturity not changing from the beginning to the end of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, while Huck is the changing variable. Tom’sRead MoreAdventures of Huckleberry Finn is a great novel by Mark Twain. Huckleberry Finn is a thirteen or800 Words   |  4 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn is a great novel by Mark Twain. Huckleberry Finn is a thirteen or fourteen year old, but is often called Huck Finn by his best friends. Throughout we’re told of Huckleberrys adventures after he staged his own death and ran away from his father. The story is narrated by Huckleberry Finn over approximately 3-4 months, although it’s not noted in the story. Huckleberry goes to various towns that lie close by the Mississippi River. Mark Twain stated that the book is supposedRead MoreEssay on Huckleberry Finn: A Freudian Perspective1169 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Mark Twain’s American classic Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, we are told of the undertakings of the main character, Huck Finn. He is young, mischievous boy who distances himself from the torment of his home life by escaping with Jim, a runaway slave who is his only friend. As the novel continues, we find that the structure of Mr. Twain’s writing is redolent of certain aspects of Freudian psychology. More specifically, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can be interpreted using the Oedipus complex Read MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1212 Words   |  5 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, uses various concrete objects, such as rivers, to symbolize a diverse range of feelings, emotions, and even actions. The ultimate symbol in the novel is the Mississippi River. Rivers often times symbolize life itself, they are the flux of the world in manifestation, the macrocosm (Cooper, 139) (Protas, Allison). River symbolism is based around water in movement (Fraim, John). On the riverÂ…Huck and Jim witnessRead MoreHuckleberry Finn: a Good Role Model Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesHuckleberry Finn: A Good Role Model The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn gives a visual look at the time in which the author Samuel Clemens lived. He explains how he felt about his life through the eyes of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn has many adventures that teach him life lessons we can learn from today. Although there are differing opinions on whether Huck Finn is a good role model for todays young people, I will explain why I think he is. Huck is a goodRead MoreA Brief Note On Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1310 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Jane Reshetiloff Mr. O’Hearn Honors British Literature 26 September 2015 Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterful social satire that demonstrates the awakening of a young, adventurous boy living in a culture of slavery. He uses humor and an unreliable narrator to convey social satire in the novel to reflect the flaws of society toward in the antebellum south. The novel was published in 1884, just after slaveryRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Research Paper1649 Words   |  7 PagesSince its first publication in 1884, Mark Twain’s masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has proven to be one of history’s most controversial novels; especially recently, the novel has often been banned by schools and censored by libraries. Characters in the book are constantly using disparaging language toward slaves, and the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† makes many sensitive and offended. Critics denounce the novel and Mark Twain as racist for this word being insulting and politically

Russia vs Brazil Communication Styles Free Essays

Casual communication in Russia reflects a subdued formalism that is unique region. A business meeting with a stranger warrants the use of their patronymic name to address them. A patronymic name is the surname originated from a paternal ancestor such as a father or grandfather. We will write a custom essay sample on Russia vs Brazil Communication Styles or any similar topic only for you Order Now All Russian surnames are rooted on the individuals’ father with the suffix â€Å"ovna† or â€Å"evna† for women, which translate to â€Å"the daughter of†. For men the suffix â€Å"ovich† similarly translates to â€Å"the son of† pattern seeing in the women. To add another layer of tradition, the Russian language has two version of the word â€Å"you†. In a formal setting Russians use â€Å"vy† to delineate courtesy and respect, but they also have the â€Å"ty† version to use with friends or family. In contrast, Brazil’s communication style is much more relaxed and informal. Brazilians often interrupt each other in conversations, a habit that is not considered rude by their standards. They also communicate in very close proximity and enjoy touching each other lightly. This practice is observed across gender roles. For example, Brazilian men touch other men as well as women during conversations. Women do not consider this behavior sexual harassment or inappropriate behavior. In fact, breaking away from this close proximity is considered an insult in Brazilian. High Context Society Russians and Brazil use the high context communication style. This style is to integrate oral and nonverbal messages to transmit their thoughts and feeling. Engaging a conversation with a high context communicator a person must be able to indentify the subtle nuance in body language to decipher what is really being expressed. In short, many things are left unsaid in Russia, which makes operating and marketing a business slightly challenging. For example, in the early 1990s a Russian beer company struck marketing gold when its commercial aired during a Russian football game. The commercial depicted a football player with a dated haircut and a jersey with the words â€Å"I. Sussanin†. His supposed coach is seen attempting to motivate him by saying â€Å"You already played against the Polish, so just do the same with this team, lead them to the wrong direction†. In response, the player says nothing and turns away. This commercial resonated well with Russian consumers because the humour was implied. All Russians have a strong understanding of their history and understood that this was in reference to the war hero Ivan Sussanin who tricked the Polish into going the wrong direction in the War of 1613. Thus, it is imperative to have excellent listening and observational skills to be an effective communicator in Russia and Brazil. Negotiating The political and economic landscape of Russia is an influential element in its negotiation style. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the protection of property rights still remains relatively weak and businesses are often subject to state control that is riddled with nepotism and corruption. Thus, Russian negotiations focus on the short-term gains and benefits of a business deal. In fact, communication in business deals can easily escalate into a highly contentious and adversarial experience. Dramatic reactions like threats to call off a deal, loss of temper, and even leaving the boardroom, are quite typical in business negotiations. Russians subscribe to the idea that one parties’ gain should be equitable the other parties’ loss. Thus, compromising is seen as a weakness and there is strong expectation that there is only one winner in a business deal. – Leveraging relationships is an important element when negotiating in Brazil. Brazilians often employ distributive and contingency bargaining. While the buyer is in a superior position, both sides in a business deal own the responsibility to reach agreement. They expect long-term commitments from their business partners and will focus mostly on long-term benefits. The primary negotiation style is competitive and Brazilians can be very aggressive negotiators. While proposals should demonstrate the benefits to both negotiating parties, neither of them should take attempts to win competitive advantages negatively. It is crucial to remain non-confrontational and avoid direct conflict throughout the bargaining exchange. Ultimately, the culture promotes a win-win approach and people value long-term business relationships. You will earn your counterparts’ respect by maintaining a positive, persistent attitude. Do not openly show aggression or frustration. Should a dispute arise at any stage of a negotiation, you might be able to reach resolution by leveraging personal relationships Conflict Management For a long time Russia was organized into agricultural communes. Agricultural communes were communities and public farms that provided all of the food resources to the surrounding population. Food was distributed equally and Russians learned to cooperate and reduce waste whenever possible. Thus, Russian fondness for the group strongly influences their conflict management style. If there is an issue within an organization, it is important to address the group, not an individual, about the issue and find a collaborative solution to the problem. Russians believe that helping their team members accomplish a goal really does benefit them directly, Russian like to be successful together. They are more confident that they can work together and make decisions and strive to understand the opposing position by asking questions. Brazilian prefers to avoid dealing directly with conflict. When issues arise, they are dealt with privately, through a third party, or through passive resistance. Rather than state their opposition directly, Brazilians will problem solve their using the least amount of open dissension. Brazilian believes strongly in saving face, a concept that many direct communicators do not factor in when dealing with conflict. Saving face is simply dealing with an issue or concern in a manner that does not publicly embarrass Brazilians or cause them to lose respect in their own eyes or those of other individuals. Therefore, blame is not directly placed on anyone but is usually alluded to. How to cite Russia vs Brazil Communication Styles, Papers

Thinking Critical In Developing Solutions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Systems Thinking Is Critical In Developing Solutions To Sustainability Challenges? Answer: Introduction Systems thinking is an approach pretends to be a difficult concept because it challenges traditional thinking but once this approach is clear is becomes helpful in problem solving and decision making. For understanding these concepts first we need to understand the concept of systems. Systems can be defined as the interconnection of various small parts that work together (Arnold and Wade, 2015.). Systems approach can be defined as thinking that focuses on the smaller parts separately and their interconnections to arrive at a solution (Smith, 2012). This essay critically examines the importance of systems thinking approach in developing solutions to sustainability challenges. The essay will also discuss the application of this approach in solving the problem of domestic violence. Domestic violence can be defined as the problem in which one partner in the relationship uses methods such as physical violence, sexual abuse, economic abuse, isolation and threats to control the other partne r. It also includes encounter between the people living in the same house (Cefrey, 2010). Domestic violence against women has now become a widespread problem in Australia. According to a report at least one woman dies in Australia every weak because of this problem. No fixed solution is available to this problem. In this essay systems approach will be applied to find the solution for the problem. System thinking approach in dealing with sustainability change This is a unique approach towards problem solving and decision making which focuses on the pattern of change rather than the snapshot of change. It studies in detail context of relationships in a particular system and evaluating the reasons for the pattern of behaviour over the period of time. The approach takes into account the macroscopic view of the problem to find the solution for the problem. Nature of sustainability challenges is so complex that traditional approaches are not able to provide the solution. These challenges require fresh concept therefore system thinking approach can be applied to deal with sustainability challenges (Nguyen and Bosch, 2013). Three elements of systems thinking approach make it possible to apply this approach in problem solving. These three elements are: Sustainability has emerged as a common term we hear almost every day. Sustainability involves various fields, areas and stakeholders. In has to take into consideration contrasting interest and perspectives of various parties. Sustainability impacts natural environment, social-political environment, business-economics, and policy-governance. Sustainability can be defined as something that is capable of being continuously identified (Santillo, 2007). Due to wide scope and divergent interests sustainability challenges are not easy to solve. They are complex and uncertain. Therefore no single science or method can solve the challenges of sustainability. Therefore traditional thinking is of no use in solving sustainability challenges. Systematic approach is the way that can be used to deal with the multi-dimensional issues in the sustainability (Kim, 2012). It provides with the new ways of thinking that help to eliminate age- old assumptions and finds the innovative solutions to the probl ems. The approach creates flexibility, collaboration and integration in the solution. In the era of globalisation world is facing so many complex problems related to sustainability, systematic thinking can be applied to arrive at the situation to those problems. According to Confino (2012) key components or essential ingredients for system thinking approach to work for sustainability include following: Clear mapping At the beginning it is essential to figure out that interest of all the stakeholders are considered, everyone is given equal opportunity. It also includes clearly identifying interconnections. Experienced system experts should undertake this activity because this activity is the main basis for whole process. Working as a whole After careful mapping of all the processes it is essential that representatives form part of system. There is a need to create a common language where everyone has the trust that they can be winners. A sense of trust is very important. Thinking differently The next step involves shifting focus from short term thinking to developing a positive long term vision of future. This involves thinking in such a way that ever the most ignorant factor can make a change. Problem of domestic violence (With reference to Australia) Domestic violence can be defined as the problem in which one partner in the relationship uses methods such as physical violence, sexual abuse, economic abuse, isolation and threats to control the other partner. This is emerging as one of the most wicked and serious problem of public health issue. According to reports more than 35.6 per cent women and 28.5 per cent men above the age of 18 years, lifetime bear the problem of domestic violence by immediate partner (Chibber, Cantor and Greenberg, 2016). More victims of this problem are women. According to the reports of WTO about 1 of every 3 women undergo the problem of domestic violence. Around 38 per cent of women around the globe are murdered by intimate male partners (WHO, 2017). According to the reports of Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) at least one in every four women has experienced at least one incidence of domestic violence in Australia. It also identifies that among the victims of domest ic violence in Australia above the age of 15, 77 per cent were women and 23 per cent were men (ABC, 2016). The main causes of the problem are having some kinds of disagreements with the intimate partner, financial issues, facing humiliation or pressure at workplace, long period of unemployment or failures, effect of alcohol or drugs, brought up in the environment of violence, low education, short temperament, antisocial personality disorder, jealous or envy of success or appreciation of partner and any kind of frustration. Despite of so many causes actions of the abuser cannot be justified. The causes only help to determine what provokes an abuser to take the wrong step. Causes cannot be used as rationale for the behaviour of individual. It is not acceptable to abuse the partner physically, mentally or emotionally (Gluck, 2016). The problem is a serious threat to both physical and mental health of people. It leads to severe physical injuries, mental trauma and other chronic health issues. The major potential health issues to this problem include organ and bone damage, chronic illness, vulnerability to HIV/ AIDS, miscarriage and gynaecological problem. It also has impacts on mental health of the person such as sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress and depression. Domestic violence also has negative impacts on children. The children who grew up in the environment of violence are likely to have a range of emotional and behavioural disturbances. According to the reports one of the three abused child either becomes a victim or abuser in coming future (Chelala, 2013). Application of system approach in dealing with the problem of domestic violence The world is confronted by various complex and uncertain problems. This raises the demand for new approaches to deal with the problem. Systems approach can be applied to deal with the wicked problem of domestic violence. It identifies set procedures, methods and practices to deal with the problem. This approach needs to call for changes in the policy cycle. The approach can be implemented by using 6 steps to arrive at the solution of particular problem tell the story, draw behaviour over time graphs, draft a focusing question, identify the structure, going deeper into the issue and plan an intervention (Elmansy, 2017). System approach considers every minute detail of the circumstance even a small change in particular component can lead to big change. After looking deep into the problem and the pattern of change that has occurred over the years, it can be figured out that one of the major causes of domestic violence is gender inequality. In Australia, the two major places which report most number of domestic violence are Victoria and Queensland. After knowing the story the next step is analysing the recent trends .Recent trends show that the problem is becoming more prevalent day by day. It was also analysed that most of the men and women who were the victims of domestic violence never contacted the authorities. The basic reason behind t his was fear of revenge or further violence. The prevalence of the problem was figured out from research and surveys done by various organisations. After this the basic question arises what can be done to make the situation better. To make the situation better there is the need to deeply analyse the structure of the problem. Key causes and trends analysed in this situation are women are the most affected victims of the domestic violence and gender inequality is one of the root cause for the problem. The problem is spread worldwide. Here we take into consideration domestic violence in Australia. In Australia this problem is spread into various places at some places it is often known as family violence. Going deeper into the issue it was evident that problem has risen to such extent because police and government do not perform their job well in the beginning. Domestic violence was not considered as a crime and investigation was not detailed. After deep analysis the next step is design ing the intervention. This could be done by an agency that supports and ensures family safety. Focus of the agency should be on testing the capacity for change and ability of family members to achieve no violence contract. The agency should have consistent review meetings with the members of the society to take feedbacks (Cooper and Vetere, 2008.). Drawbacks and Recommendations In is recommended to apply systems thinking approach to find the solution of various complex problems today. Though the approach also has some drawbacks such as the process is time consuming and difficult to understand (Kumar and Pandey, 2016). The approach is considered too overwhelming and too focused on big picture. Despite of the disadvantages the theory but still this approach is best suited to deal with the sustainability challenges. To effectively utilise this approach and take it into regular practice to solve various issues it is recommended to make this approach a part of curriculum of the students. It is important for students to gain expertise in systems thinking approach to deal with the challenges of sustainability in the coming time. The course needs to make students enable to practically apply systems approach to various issues. In this paper only the wicked problem of domestic violence is discussed. But this is not the only problem to deal with; todays environment pr esents various challenges to deal with. It is also recommended to the government to build a national systems thinking approach to find various complex solutions to the problems of the population. It is recommended not only for Australia but for various countries to deal with the upcoming sustainability challenges. Only application of systems approach at national level is not essential it is also important to make sure that this approach is flexible enough to deal with the complex environment changes and uncertainties. Conclusion It can be concluded that though systems approach is bit difficult still it can used to develop suitable solutions to the complex and uncertain challenges of sustainability. The sustainability is an issue which affects various areas such as social, political, legal and environmental. Thus the issue involves various stakeholders and their divergent interests therefore it becomes very difficult to arrive at a solution of the problem related to sustainability. The approach of systems thinking provides an innovative insight to thinking it takes into consideration the macroscopic picture and pattern of changes in behaviours over the times. The problem of domestic violence is emerging as the wicked problem in todays environment. Domestic violence involves physical, mental or emotional abuse by one partner to other. It was evident from the researches that main victims of domestic violence are women. Domestic violence problem is prevailing in various countries across the globe. Traditional th inking approach in this problem failed to provide a suitable solution thus to deal with the situation thus various steps of systems approach can be applied to find the solution of given problem. It is recommended to make this approach a part of curriculum so that students become experts in finding the solution to various challenging issues. References ABC, 2016. Fact file: Domestic violence in Australia, viewed on 13 August 2017 from https://www.abc.net.au/news/factcheck/2016-04-06/fact-file-domestic-violence-statistics/7147938 Arnold, R.D. and Wade, J.P., 2015. A definition of systems thinking: a systems approach.Procedia Computer Science,44, pp.669-678. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915002860 Cefrey, H. 2008. Domestic Violence. The Rosen Publishing Group https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PVfWjOL1IswCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false Chelala, C., 2013. Domestic violence is a global public health concern, viewed on 13 August 2017 from https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/07/15/podiumppublichealth/QHsRVG97Qy9a3AN93fzqgM/story.html Chibber, K., Cantor, J. and Greenberg , E. 2016. Domestic Voilence , viewed on 13 August 2017 from https://www.jsi.com/JSIInternet/Inc/Common/_download_pub.cfm?id=17269lid=3 Confino, J. 2012. The art of systems thinking in driving sustainable transformation. The Guardian, viewed on 13 August 2017 https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/systems-thinking-sustainable-transformation Cooper, J. and Vetere, A., 2008. Domestic violence and family safety: A systemic approach to working with violence in families. John Wiley Sons. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=RgRhhh_OrFsCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=Cooper,+J.+and+Vetere,+A.,+2008.+Domestic+violence+and+family+safety:+A+systemic+approach+to+working+with+violence+in+families.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=jWWZHrTWXdsig=h_m3roNME-Bv19m8_i5yhoPRq3o#v=onepageq=agencyf=false Elmansy, R. 2017. The Six Systems Thinking Steps to Solve Complex Problems, viewed on 13 August 2017 https://www.designorate.com/systems-thinking-steps-solve-complex-problems/ Gluck, S., 2016. Causes of Domestic Violence,Domestic Abuse, viewed on 13 August 2017 from https://www.healthyplace.com/abuse/domestic-violence/causes-of-domestic-violence-domestic-abuse/ Kim, S. 2012. Can Systems Thinking Actually Solve Sustainability Challenges? Part 1, The Diagnosis, viewed on 18 August 2017 from https://erb.umich.edu/2012/06/04/systems-thinking-part-1/ Nguyen, N.C. and Bosch, O.J., 2013. A systems thinking approach to identify leverage points for sustainability: a case study in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,30(2), pp.104-115. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sres.2145/full Pandey, A. and Kumar, A. 2016. System Thinking Approach to Deal with Sustainability Challenges. Proceedings of International Conference on Science, Technology, Humanities and Business Management, Bangkok, viewed on 18 August from https://socrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/17BKK125-System-Thinking-Approach-to-Deal-with-Sustainability-Challenges.pdf Santillo, D., 2007. Reclaiming the Definition of Sustainability (7 pp). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(1), pp.60-66. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1065%2Fespr2007.01.375?LI=true Smith, B. 2012. Overview of Systems Thinking. Leadership for Change, Module Two, Mauritius, March 2012, viewed on 18 July 2017 from https://leadership-for-change.southernafricatrust.org/downloads/module_2_presentations/B%20Smith%20Systems%20Thinking.pdf WHO, 2017. Violence against women, viewed on 13 August 2017 from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/

The Perfect Place to Relax free essay sample

The perfect place to relax Everyone has their one special place that he or she can feel clam and relax. For someone, it could be a quiet place, such as bedroom or living room. For another one, it could be the hustling, full of people just like shopping mall. Everyone has a unique place to relax. As for me, bedroom is a place where I can feel more comfortable and relaxed in. When you come into my room, the first sight to catch your attention is a large French window in the right side. It is almost ten feet wider which allow the sunlight to brighten every corner of the bedroom during daytime. Every weekend, I like to sit in front of the French window and read some books during sunset. Sometimes I just sit there and do nothing to enjoy the quiet moment. On the other side of the bedroom is a huge digital TV which set on a wooden table. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perfect Place to Relax or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I watch my favorite movie or listen to some relaxing music. I think the best way to relax is to have a cup of milk while watching TV before I go to bed. It makes me to have a very good sleep. So I really enjoy the time that I spend in the bedroom. In the middle of the bedroom is my king-sized water bed. It is an amazing bed of comfort as you plop down on it.. It is the place where I take many naps and relaxing sleep in the night. Most of the time I lay on the bed to listen music or watch TV. In conclusion, my bedroom is my favorite place because I can get away from stress and completely relax myself especially after get off duty. Everyone needs a place to relax and where is your place?

Painting Critique Research Paper for salvador dali essays

Painting Critique Research Paper for salvador dali essays 1. Choose 3 books from the McCormick Library collection of art books. List them below with their call numbers. a. Dali: The Salvador Dali Museum Collection, oversized, 759.6, D143 b. Dalis Optical Illusions, 709.24, D143 c. Dali Dawn Ades, 709.24, D143, C.1 d. The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali, 709.24, D143 2. Page through these books until you find an artist or painting or style that particularly appeals to you. List the painting/ artist/style below. b. Painting is the Persistence of Memory 3. Using an encyclopedia of art or other print resources, find out some information on the artist, painting, or style. List your resources(s) below. a. I chose the encyclopedia and I found out that Dalà ­ was born May 11th 1904 and died January 23rd 1989. c. He is most known for his surrealism work 4. Using the internet (at the library or home), visit a virtual museum to find out more about this artist, painting, or style. List the internet site here. a. moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?object_id=79018 a. That this painting hangs in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. This painting was made to look like a dream like state. I believe that Salvador Dali was considered as the greatest artist of the surrealist art movement and one of the greatest masters of art of the twentieth century. Dalà ­ was born in Figueres, Spain on May 11th 1904 at 8:45 in the morning. His birth name that was given to him was Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalà ­ Domenech. Needless to say trying to sigh that name to a piece of art just wouldnt look right to he shortened it to Salvador Dalà ­. He was born as the second child to Salvador Dali Cusi and his wife Felipa Domenech Ferres. Salvador Dali is given the same name as his br ...

Financial Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Risk Management - Essay Example Businesses in order to increase the return or to reduce the level of risk associated with product (financial product) are increasingly making use of financial derivates in the respective portfolios. Among the range of derivatives being used in market following few derivatives are most commonly used (Culp, 2011): Futures contracts ( facilitating transfer of asset on future date at an agreed price) Options (Call option or put option facilitates the purchasing or selling option to buyer or seller to an agreed date and price. To mention as the name implies options are not obligations). Swaps (Exchange of cash flow with another cash flows for gaining the required benefit) Hybrid (derivates that mix the features of more than one securities with financial engineering) Using these and others financial product of derivative category suiting to the need of the business as well as individuals financial marketers take advantage of derivatives to develop desired fashion portfolio or value of bala nce sheet. Derivatives allow hedging of the risks from various domains. Such as market risk, interest rate risk, model risk etc (Functional Finances, n.d). For instance, the interest rate risk can be hedge using derivative such as Interest Rate Swap (IRS) contract. Various risk measurement factors are used to evaluate the risk such as (Hentschel & Smith Jr, 1995): Beta measures the risk in the context of equities. Stock risk is measured in relevance to the market with beta. With respect to bond market, the modified duration assess the risk associated with interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the relevant risk to bond. Modified risk play similar role for bonds as played by beta for equities. Delta measures the risk of change in value of future, forward or option over shorter period of time owing to the change in asset prices Gamma is a measure of change in delta as the stock prices chances. This is effective for the hedging the change in the delta. Vega measures the relationship between the volatility and options value. Rho is a risk measures for assessing the change in the call option prices with respect to the variation in the risk-free rate. Theta is another measure for the derivatives’ risk measurement. For the change in the value of the option with respect to change in time factors (such as time to maturity) that does not abruptly changes like other factors. Hence single product of derivative (option) offers wide risk factors for hedging and these are from market risk perspectives only. Credit risk, model risk, concentration risk are other risk measures that offers greater variation in risk management for derivatives (Functional Finances, n.d). Therefore, adding derivative and hedging risk from critically valuing above mentioned risk factors can add significant returns to the portfolio while trading off higher risk to lower risk or un-affordable risk to affordable risk. Various measures are useful in various financial conditions and even combin ation of measures is useful (Homaifar, 2004). For instance, a balanced portfolio (portfolio with fixed income and equity particulars) generates risk from equity segment in order to generate the higher return. In addition as the name signifies, portfolio is balance and has the fixed income

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example As such, Whitman’s ultimate leadership strength was her knowledge of when to allow a sense of effect to develop and when to continue on (Suriyamurthi et al., 2013). Similarly, with respect to the second determinant listed above, Whitman’s exhibits the importance of tailoring and â€Å"lasering† her management message to meet the given needs within the specific workgroup she seeks to integrate with. This is a skill that many might otherwise overlook; however, it is one of the utmost importance due to the fact that without the ability to target the given shareholder with identifiable and gripping information, no matter how important the subject or how great the need to increase sales might be, the message will doubtless appear flat and otherwise stale (Dries & Pepermans, 2012). Comparatively, Whitman utilizes keen levels of communication to engage stakeholders with the excitement and uniqueness of HP’s product designs; serving to drum up support and interest for the products long before they were even able to integrate with the consumer market. As a means of presenting herself as the sole individual on an otherwise empty stage and methodically yet engagingly discussing these products with both a physical and multimedia audience, Whitman is able to convey a sense of leadership awe and excitement that would likely not have been engaged by a lesser CEO (SCHAUBROECK et al., 2012). With regards to the second determinant, Whitman seemingly has a type of built-in understanding for the type of language that would grip the consumer and provide them with a sense of awe with regards to the given product; further representing a dynamic level of leadership that helped to hone the marketing prowess with which she seeks to engage the consumer and define the organization by effectively representing its culture. As a function of this, her communication style is not one that wandered from topic to topic during the few brief minutes which she engages wit h the public. Rather, there is a direct point, key functionalities, and technical specifications that are related to the would-be user within terms that would not frighten those that otherwise would not have a great deal of technical expertise or understanding (Senn et al., 2013). This primary knowledge of the market with which she was ultimately engaging was the primal reason why HP has become such a fixture of US technology and engineering that it is today. Moreover, Whitman herself is a unique example of a management professional that was actually responsible for the development of the final product rather than merely a CEO that oversees projects completed under her watch. As a function of this technical standpoint from which Whitman necessarily approaches the business world, her communication style differentiates extensively from that of other leaders and managers (Muethel et al., 2012). Yet with regards to the means whereby Whitman was effectively able to utilize both verbal an d non-verbal communication

In instruction box Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In instruction box - Research Proposal Example Presently, Nokia intends to launch its new the Nokia Lumia 2020 Tablet in the market. However, the success of this tablet will depend on the effectiveness of the marketing plan developed by the company. This marketing plan contains an analysis of the current situation, customers, and competitors that may affect the performance of the product after launch. The plan also analyses the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In addition, the marketing plan also analyzes the macro-environmental factors, as well as the marketing mix of Nokia product. Situation Analysis Nokia operates in a very competitive market. The industry has several players that compete against each other for the limited customers available. To attract customers, every company in the industry tries to improve the quality of services provided to the customer by using the latest technology. The competition is stiff to the extent that months seldom pass without the existing or new players introducing a new plan aimed at luring additional customers (GRIN Verlag, 2012). Some Nokia’s main competitor in the industry includes Apple, Samsung, LG, Techno, and Sony Erickson. Customer Analysis This marketing plan targets all segment of the population. ... So far, the company’s Nokia Lumia 2020 Tablet has all the functionalities accustomed to meet the needs of the company’s potential customers. Some of the features of this tablet include being only 8-inches and operates on Snapdragon 800. In addition, the tablet is designed with 1080p resolution display, making it the best tablet in the market (Pratap, 2013). Further, the tablet has additional functionalities, including a high PPI display and comes with the stylus support. The company believes that these features will satisfy the needs of customers and help attract a huge demand. Competitor Analysis As aforementioned, Nokia operates in a very competitive environment. The industry has many players most of which have a very strong brand. Currently, Nokia’s main competitors in the industry include Samsung, Apple, LG, Techno, and Sony Erickson (Pratap, 2013). As such, to maintain gain a competitive advantage over its rivals, Nokia must come up with a marketing plan tha t will help lure many customers to its products. In addition, it must ensure that products are attractive and of high quality. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths Nokia being a well-established brand across the global has a number of strength that has made it a brand of choice for many consumers in the world. Firstly, Nokia commands a huge market share in the mobile industry. Secondly, the company has one of the best research, design, and engineering team (GRIN Verlag, 2012). This has enabled the company to be innovative and produce high quality products that sell well in the market. In fact, one of the major reasons why Nokia phones sells well in the market is because of the

The Advantages Disadvantages Of Employee Involvement Participation Management Essay

The Advantages Disadvantages Of Employee Involvement Participation Management Essay INTRODUCTION In pursuit of high performance by the employee to meet organizational objectives social scientists, psychologists and management thinkers have endeavoured to discover and implement the most appropriate ways. Motivational problems have come into even sharper prominence in recent years, as corporations of all sizes and in all fields face up to issues of heightened dynamic competition, ever-accelerating technological demands, and shortages of key technical and management skills, in a pervading climate of economic uncertainty and world recession. In order to survive, whole new activities have entered into the management lexicon as companies restructure, downsize, delayer, outplace and subcontract their satellite activities. Common to all formulations is, first, an understanding that people have the potential to provide competitive advantage and, second, that management styles should reflect the central importance of people as assets to be utilized in order to offer optimum benefit to the business. Employees must be drawn into the corporate culture and committed to its values and objectives; employees must be empowered to become self-managers rather than act as passive recipients to management plans must participate in decision making. the intention is to give employees a say in organizational affairs, the initiatives emerge from management and are linked, however tenuously, with the achievement of management objectives. We refer to this manifestation of employee influence enhancement as employee involvement. C Jeff Hyman and Rob Mason (1995, p. 5-6) EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT An environment is created due to employee involvement that leads to confusion on decision making and action side affecting their job. As practiced in many bodies of work employee involvement can never be an aim or a tool rather it is the philosophical thought of common men of managing and leading their work organization which results in betterment. A motivating and fetching environment is created which helps to keep back best employee with a feeling of own ness by involvement .When an organization truly wants to create a positive work environment that is based on high trust, exceptional customer service collaborative teamwork, operational excellence and creative problem solving, then the leadership team must begin to understand, invest in and be responsive to the needs of the group that represents the organizations most valuable assets and is also one of its most important customers, the employees. On return of very nominal investment comes high level of employee motivation, new idea s, promises and production which leads to the betterment of the organization and brings about more profit . A fundamental total quality management percept is that employees must be involved and empowered. Employee involvement refers to the importance of each and every employee who as a a fully mechanical unit employee do play a very important part for operation and maintain team leads to the progress of the organization. Each employees input is solicited and valued by, hisher management. Employees and management recognize that each employee is involved in running the business. One of the greatest underlying factors in the success or failure of any organization is the power of its people, and how well that power is focused towards meeting the organizations objectives. For production Organizations tapping the power of men are more strong and competitive in comparison to those that do not. Companies thinking their employee as mere machines never realize their capabilities; such organizations inefficiency attracts competition, until the philosophy of management changes. Employee involvement leads to empowering of employees , who are able to take part in decision-making and thoughts of improvement at their respective levels in the company. Since Mc Gregors theory y first brought to managers, the idea of a participative management style, employee involvement has taken many forms, including the job design approaches and special activities such as quality of work life (QWL) programs. A great thinker from Technical University of Crete A. Apostolou, gives the view that only people of one company brings about the difference of it from the other. The Japanese have always recognized this and it is one of the reasons for their success in world markets - they place tremendous value on the integration of people with organizational objectives, equipments and processes .The issue forced to be addressed by the employees are involvement, communication and development. The maturity of a company in the employment relationship is measured through the three issues. Man y people confuse communication systems such as team briefings with involvement. PRACTICES IN EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT One of the most well-known and widely used recognition devices is the use of suggestion systems. Employees offer suggestions (or improving processes or cutting costs and are recognised with small cash awards. The Japanese have been especially effective at making suggestion systems work. For instance, a typical high-performing Japanese plant in the auto components business generates 47 suggestions per employee a year and pays approximately the equivlent of U.S. $35 per suggestion. In contrast, a comparable Western factory generates about one suggestion per employee per year. but pays out $90 per suggestion. In 1995 Toyota received 1,9 million suggestions from employees of which they implemented 95%. Stephen P. Robbins ( p. 153-154) THE SCOPE OF PARTICIPATION An alternative state response to the uncertainties associated with market fluctuations is to offer employees a measure of protection against the harshness of unfettered market forces by providing them which some say in events which could disrupt or otherwise effect their working lives. It could also argue that repercussions of market developments strengthen the case for employee protection. The rise in part time and in conventional employment patterns serves to increase the dependence of employees upon organizations whose prime motivation is to respond effectively to market signals. In order for a protectionist process to serve a useful function for its intended beneficiaries appropriate mechanisms are needed to inform employees of their representatives of high level company. Participations under their conditions is likely to involve representative employee member of high level decision making bodies which formally equips them with opportunities for more profound inputs than are foun d with the narrowly defined market adaptation processes associated with employee involvement .though participative approaches aim to provide employees with protection , in their non collective bargaining format they might also derive from a less adverbial industrial relations perspective than that which give rise to employer dominated involvement. Where the need for adequate systems of representations of collective interests is recognized and accepted as a valuable contributor to long term industrial harmony, participation might also form part of a system which positively encourages employers to plan for the future through investment in plant, technology and people and to include human resource development as part of long term planning and investment strategy. In these instances, whilst providing employees with a measure of security, participative arrangements would also conform with a pattern of industrial decision-making typified by reference to long term performance objectives. EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT MODEL For people and organizations who desire a model to apply , the best i have discovered was developed from work by Tannebaum and Schmidt(1958) and Sadler(1970).While decision making they provide a continuum for leadership and involvement which leads to increment of role for employees and decrease for supervisors. The continuum includes this progression. Tell: the supervisor makes the decisions and announces it to staff. The supervisor provided complete directions. Sell: the supervisor makes the decision and then attempts to gain commitment from staff by selling the positive aspects of the decision. Consult: Though the final decision is given by the authority still supervisors are invited to put decision. Join: the employees are invited to make decisions with the supervisors. The keys to involvement are several complex: (a) Financial -> share ownership and profit distribution plans can help to foster an in terest in a companys affair at the competition level which is often hard to get across in the normal day to day routine of workplace activity. According to an industrial society survey, one in six UK employees holds the share in their organization. .The managers who were skewed were those who held stocks [one -third of the manager]. Amongst unskilled manual worker this dropped to just 5%. Half of all share owners surveyed felt that owing shares had made them more committed to the companys success although there was no significant difference on job satisfaction or their rating of their company overall as an employer. .An incentive is essential to increase its workers share to ownership if the company wishes to. One of the most common form of incentive is the use of employee share plans (ESOPs). These typically offer a one share purchase arrangement, with the company issuing matching shares from a s hare trust for every ordinary share purchased. Effectively a half- price buying arrangement but with the added bonus of tax savings. (b) Job security: Doubts as to whether you will still be with the company next week are hardly likely to encourage a sense of belonging. The Japanese identified this as obvious truism for several years. There is some evidence that this approach is starting to impact on the organization of labor contracts in the west The deal of Rover in 1992 changed the 80 year old tradition in USA, production for employees by assuring job security and lay off guarantees. A no compulsory redundancy policy was put into strains during 1980s and 1990s. The structure of the work organization itself determines many facets of the employment relationship; in particular, job design can influence the degree of control an employee has over his or her work and, with that, the degree of personal responsibility felt for the outcomes and quality of work. The system of multi shifts, in line methods and absence coverage helps in personal accountability, the work remains done without any prior condition of absence of employees and work results always positive unlike professional jobs. Consequently employees constrained by systems feel little sense of ownership of the total process. The survey of companies focuses on cell based production and group structure in working form, shows absenteeism, good quality of outcome and high production, which is brought about by greater sense of involvement and decision making responsibility. Digital Equipment for example use a derivative of autonomous work groups called High Performance Work Design. The compa ny feels they have achieved better quality, higher output, lower inventory and faster and more accurate decision making. The changes are not just restricted to the high tech finish of production. EMCAR, a clothing manufacturer, changed from traditional production lines to Autonomous Work Groups (AWGs), with individual piecework being replaced by a group bonus. As a consequence labour turnover and absenteeism went down accordingly in industrial norms leading to increased production. The given turnaround times on orders came down from six eight weeks to four weeks. METHODOLOGYÆ’Â   Employee participation and empowerment is a worldwide applicable technique. There have more options along with employee involvement. It brings together incentive programs, researches, focus and more. The aim is to identify the most efficient options of employee involvement that can be linked to the goals of an organization. In order to implement employee involvement and empowerment to an enterprise the following key actions need to take place: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Giving employee the responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Training employee to accept responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communicating and giving feedback à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Giving rewards and recognition Workers today are more and more being asked by management to join employee involvement programs in order to improve the quality of their work lives. In order to survive todays harsh and fierce fully competitive situations, the management realizes that only cooperation between the management and the workers can help tide over it. It very well understands that the days of forced labor management techniques are practices of the past and not realistic anymore. It is in the best interest of both workers and supervisors to increase happiness and satisfaction on the job, because happy and satisfied employees are productive employees who insure the employers profit and continued existence of the company and the workers jobs. In such programs management usually wants: 1. Access to the workers knowledge of the job. 2. The Management looks forward to acceptance of newer technologies without disapproval. 3. Freeness regarding work regulations, classification of works, assignment the contract for the cause of better efficiencies. 4. Contract differs and concessions of occasionally contract. If the chance of employee involvement is true and valid, it must have the most important six conditions as follows: 1. Management involves the union at the highest levels as an equal partner from planning, through implementation, and evaluation of employee involvement. To coordinate and set up the employee involvement committee a consultant is hired by the joint decision of union and management.. 2. It is a voluntary process for both union and company. The committee that deals with employee involvement is selected, elected by the union. 3. Collective bargaining and grievance matters are not a part of the program These matter stays out of employee involvement.. 4. Management accepts the proposal in written form that no worker can be downgraded as consequences of ideas generated by the employee in employee involvement committee. 5The monetary savings of employee involvement are distributed among workers through returns of more money in cheque, upgrading, less working hour, etc. The management and the union converging state this. . 6. Management actions on cooperation should be the same as management words. The management strives for a healthy relationship in its relationship with the union as it actively seeks to settle all differences at the lower level and tries to reason with the union against putting forward of cases for settlement as it leads to the depletion of the union treasury. The officers and the lower level members of the union are treated with the same respect by the management while at the same time seeing to it that the rights of all the members are duly obliged. In the studies of Virginia P., the impact perception of leadership style is use of power and conflict management style on organizational outcomes. Richmond, John P. To measure the employee satisfaction using continuum [tell, consult, join] researchers Wagner and James McCroskuv developed an instrument. Their research discovered that, the supervisor who wishes to generate positive impact on satisfaction with supervision, satisfaction with work, and solidarity and to reduce communication anxiety should strive to get her/his subordinates to perceive her/him as using a more employee-centered (consult-join) leadership style. At the same time, however, the supervisor cannot be seen by employees as abdicating responsibility for decision making. Examples: Tell: Good while communicating about government rules, safety norms, decisions that are not required for employee input. Sell: Decision remains safe from employee influence, useful. Where commitment is required Consult: Information to employee result successful consultation and end to discussion, where input is required but the supervisor holds the power of decision finalizing. Join: When the supervisor truly builds consensus around a decision and is willing to keep influence equal to that of the others providing input is called the key to a successful join. ***************************************************** Advantages Employees have knowledge about their customers and the company they work for. Employees are close to the business of purchase and sale. Employees have less knowledge regarding the supply needs and frequency than the employee Employees have prior knowledge about its weak and strong points in the team. Employees know about the logos and displays at the basic level. Disadvantages: Employees are devoid of knowledge what it needs to run a company. Employees may come up with grudges against the company or amongst themselves. Sometimes employees may not be dedicated in giving their best for the organizations. The overall success of the company depends on some investment of the employee Employees can present false interest. Employees may have conflicting interests ****************************************************** EXAMPLE: Initiating and Sustaining Employee Involvement at Lyondell Lyondell Petrochemical Company is engaged in the production of a huge variety of petrochemicals, including olefins, methanol, polyethylene and polypropylene. It is also engaged in the production of refined petroleum though through an affiliate. More than fifteen hundred workers work at four different production sites in Texas. Its headquarters is in Houston in 1980s; Bob Gover was on a group which suggested convergence of petrochemical and refinement of the company, to stop loss of money and formation of new companies. Atlantic Richfield called the company Lyondell Petrochemical and asked Gower to run it. Choosing to regard as with improvement in production, a challenge an organization that had lost a total of $200 million each year for the past three years, Gower accepted Gower had many problems other than serious red ink .Due to lack of any assets the company could not stand apart in competition .It did not enjoy any extra credit in the market or neither have any special technology .The only way to differentiate itself and bring back profitability. But, as Gower notes, Morale was low and costs were way too high. Matters became more badly when Lyondell made a new management team. I was told that I could talk into joining m e. No doubt Atlantic Richfields leaders felt pretty safe with such a generous offer, but they did not count on Gowers persuasive powers. He not only pulled together a management team, but the people who came where risk takers who believed, as I did, that people are the key to a successful turnaround. And Lyondell has succeeded. In 1989 Lyondell was ranked first by Fortune, for sales per employee under all the best industrial companies in the USA. . It earned the same honor again in 1990 and1991.Baldrige was visited in 1991 and 1992. Employee involvement leads Lyondell to his success. A change in managements attitude brings about the initiation of employee involvement. To save Lyondell from loss of money his leaders turned to employee involvement, as they believed people have good ideas to share and are responsible, are proud of their work, etc. want responsibility. GROWTH OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT There is a growing body of evidence that, in aggregate, usage of the involvement techniques outlined above has increased throughout , mainly Europe (bean 1994:183), the united states (eg- Deutsch and Schurman 1993) and, we shall now show, especially in the UK. Since the 1960s in Japan, there has developed a range of quality based involvement technique and informal communicative practices, which have also helped to influence practice in America and the UK (Oliver and Wilkinson 1992: chap-2). The Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys-WIRS, conducted in 1980, 1984 and most recently in 1990, provide a comprehensive view of development in workplace industrial relations in Britain. The research gives the view that in the early 1980s, managers reported a higher increase in the introduction of all types of employee involvement between 1980 and 1984 than in the three years prior to 1980. Overall, the proportion of managers reporting any initiative to increase involvement rose from 24% to 35% with specific emphasis given to Two -Way Communication Systems, a trend confirmed by worker representatives in the research. This current research gave focus on some qualitative changes in involvement practice in that the incidence of collective- oriented consultation. THE RATIONALE FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION: Employee participation, conversely, emerges from a collective employee interest to optimize the physical, security and inspirational conditions under which employees a re-contracted to serve . These ambitions are likely to be supported and promoted by political ideas, systems and parties, sensitive to the potential deprivations which accompany unregulated market operations, but resisted by employers whose freedom of action may be curtailed by protective participation procedure. An example of employer prejudice to employee participation proposals is well demonstrated by the UK experience. Tensions between the contrasting interests of employers and labor became evident in the UK, during the late 1970s: during this period, political expediency to mobilize union support was articulated by a strong union impetus toward participative arrangement, which were capable of propelling employee interests beyond the areas bounded by collective bargaining alone. Together, these movements manifested in proposals for worker and representative councils. The most inspiring of these initiatives was without any doubt the attempt to introduce a participative framework based on worker directors using the theory of unitary board, composed of equal numbers of shareholder and union workers supplemented by a minority of Neutral Director. Thus both employee involvement and participation are interrelated and is essential in society as said above. Though both have its own qualities, boon and bane, it is essential for balancing work environment and the working culture. Involvement and participation makes work more responsible and results are their best as all hold their own pride for their part of work done under a team. Work Citations

Mama Day by Gloria Naylor :: Mama Day Gloria Naylor Literature Essays

Mama Day by Gloria Naylor Mama Day by Gloria Naylor is a fantastic novel filled with vivid imagery and intriguing characters. Naylor weaves a realistic tale, despite the fantastic events that she describes. Her characters are believable and behave like "real people". However, Naylor's greatest asset is her descriptive powers, which not only sets the scene, but enraptures readers into Cocoa's dual worlds of New York City and Willow Springs, imprisoning us with her words. The plot centers around the three main characters: Ophelia/Cocoa/Baby Girl, George and Mama Day. Mama Day is by far the most dominant personality, although we are not inside her mind the same way we are with Cocoa and George. Mama Day represents the power and resilience of nature and the town of Willow Springs itself. She seems to literally be upholding the town, and to be so indispensable, I wonder what the town will do when she is gone, left with only Dr. Buzzard as the resident "medicine man." But Mama Day seems to have no intention of leaving anytime soon. Naylor enhances the connection of Mama Day with nature by associating her with natural imagery. We always see Mama Day in her gardens, or the forest, nursing the land with her skill. She has a connection to nature, and can understand it, as seen by her prediction of the storm. Mama Day represents the last vestiges of the power of the African wise woman, a role that is dying out as society becomes more and more urban. Cocoa straddles the worlds of nature and the city. Her roots are in Willow Springs and she cannot forget that. However, we can never see her taking up the role of wise woman after Mama Day is gone. She has been too changed by the city and its disappointments and heartaches. This division causes much of the conflict between her and George, since she often lashes out when her soul is divided. George Andrews represents, of course, the world of the city. He cannot accept Mama Day's primal power, and loses his life for his lack of belief. His angry retaliation at the helpless chickens represents the urban idea of attempting to control nature. George tries to control something he can't understand, and thus pays the consequences. Each character is associated with their own imagery and language. When each of them speaks, it is with their own unique dialect.